Aguiar AP, Deans AR, Engel MS, Forshage M, Huber JT, Jennings JT, Johnson NF,
Lelej AS, Longino JT, Lohrmann V, Miko I. 2013.
Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang, Z.-Q.(Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline
of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013).
Zootaxa 3703: 51-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12
Arnold, G. 1920. A
revision of the South African species of the genus Sphex Linn. (olim
Ammophila Kirby). Proceedings of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 18
(2):25-55, 2 pls.
Arnold, G. 1922. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part I. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 9:101-138.
Arnold, G. 1923a. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part II. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 9:143-190,
pl. V.
Arnold, G. 1923b.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part III. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
9:191-253.
Arnold, G. 1923c.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part IV. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10:1-58.
Arnold, G. 1924.The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part V. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 11:1-73,
pl. I-II.
Arnold, G. 1925.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part VI. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
11:137-175.
Arnold, G. 1926.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part VII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
11:338-376.
Arnold, G. 1927.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part VIII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
12:55-131.
Arnold, G. 1928a. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part IX. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 12:191-232,
pl.VIII.
Arnold, G. 1928b.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part X. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 12:
233-279, pls. IX-XI.
Arnold, G. 1928c.
The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XI. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
12:338-375.
Arnold, G. 1929a. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 13:217-319.
Arnold, G. 1929b. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XIII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 13:320-380,
pl. VI.
Arnold, G. 1929c. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XIV. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 13:381-418,
pls. VII-VIII.
Arnold, G. 1930.
A
check-list of the Sphegidae of the Ethiopian Region. University Press,
Cambridge, England. 21 pp.
Arnold, G. 1931. The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XV (conclusion).
Annals of the Transvaal Museum
14:135-220.
Arnold, G. 1932. New
species of Ethiopian Sphegidae. Occasional Papers of the Rhodesian Museum
1:1-31.
Arnold, G. 1933.
Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926-7. Hymenoptera, II.: Sphegidae and
Psammocharidae. With an introductory note and supplementary list by Hugh Scott,
Sc. D. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 11:351-371.
Arnold, G. 1935.
Scientific results of the Vernay-Lang Kalahari expedition, March to September,
1930. Sphegidae and Psammocharidae. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 16:
497-505.
Arnold, G. 1945
(1944). The Sphecidae of Madagascar. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge. 193 pp.
Arnold, G. 1951. Sphecidae and Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Mr. K.M. Guichard in West
Africa and Ethiopia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History).
Entomology 2:95-183.
Arnold, G. 1960.
Aculeate Hymenoptera from the Drakensberg Mountains, Natal. Annals of the
Natal Museum 15: 79-87.
Branstetter MG,
Danforth BN, Pitts JP, Faircloth BC, Ward PS, Buffington ML, Gates MW, Kula RR,
Brady SG. 2017.
Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of
ants and bees. Current Biology 27: 1019-1025.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027
Branstetter MG, Childers AK, Cox-Foster D, Hopper KR, Kapheim KM, Toth AL,
Worley KC. 2018.
Genomes of the Hymenoptera. Current Opinion in Insect Science 25:
65-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.008
Brothers D.J.
1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants
and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea) Zoologica
Scripta 28: 233–250.
Debevec AH, Cardinal S, Danforth BN. 2012.
Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with
an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea. Zoologica scripta 41: 527-35.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x
Eardley, C & Urban, R. 2010. Catalogue
of Afrotropical bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes).
Zootaxa 2455: 1-548.
Eardley, C, Finnamore, A.T. & Michener, C.D. 1993. Superfamily Apoidea (pp.
279-357). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World:
an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.
Eardley C.,Kuhlmann M., Pauly A. 2010.
The Bee Genera and Subgenera of sub-Saharan Africa. Abc Taxa vol 7: i-vi,
138 pp.
Finnamore, A.T. & Michener, C.D. 1993. Superfamily Apoidea (pp.
279-357). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World:
an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.
Gess, S.K. & Gess, F.W. 2014.
Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI
Biodiversity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute,
Pretoria. 320 pp.
Johnson BR, Borowiec ML, Chiu JC, Lee EK, Atallah J, Ward
PS. 2013.
Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps.
Current Biology 23: 2058–2062.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050
Michener, C.D. 2000. The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins
University Press. 953 pp.
Ohl, M. & Bleidorn, C. 2006.
The phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wasp family Heterogynaidae
based on molecular data, with description of a new, nocturnal species
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Systematic Entomology 31: 321–337.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00313.x
Peters RS, Krogmann L, Mayer C,
Donath A, Gunkel S, Meusemann K, Kozlov A, Podsiadlowski L, Petersen M,
Lanfear R, Diez PA. 2017.
Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology
27:1013-1018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027
Pilgrim EM, von Dohlen CD, Pitts JP. 2008.
Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and
novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies. Zoologica
Scripta 37: 539–560.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00340.x
Pulawski, W.J. 1995.
The wasp genus Gastrosericus Spinola, 1839 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 18: 1-173.
http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15652419
Sann M, Niehuis O, Peters R, Mayer C, Kozlov A,
Podsiadlowski L, Bank S, Meusemann K, Misof B, Bleidorn C, Ohl M. 2018.
Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees.
BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
Sann, M., Meusemann, K., Niehuis, O., Escalona, H.E., Mokrousov, M., Ohl, M., Paul, T. & Schmid-Egger, C. 2021. Reanalysis of the apoid wasp phylogeny with additional taxa and sequence data confirms the placement of Ammoplanidae as sister to bees. Systematic Entomology 46 (3), 558–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12475
Sharkey, M., 2007. Phylogeny and classification of
Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668: 521–548.
Sharkey, M.J., Carpenter, J.M., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J.,
Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A.P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A.R., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L. and Wheeler, W.C. 2012.
Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera.
Cladistics 28: 80–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x
Smith, F. 1853. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects
in the Collection of the British Museum. London, Part I,
Andrenidae and Apidae. 197 pp., pls. I-VI. British
Museum, London