Key to Enicospilus species

1. Upper tooth of the mandible very small, less than 0.5 of length of lower (Fig. a); inter-ocellar area black. SDI less than 1.00 ... 2

Upper tooth usually as long as or longer than the lower, rarely slightly shorter (Fig. A); inter-ocellar of various colours ... 5

2. Central sclerite present; AI = 0.60-0.70 (Fig. a); mesopleuron striate (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus unidens Seyrig

Central sclerite absent; Al greater than 1.00 (Fig. A); mesopleuron regularly punctate (Fig. B) ... 3

3. Rs+2r slightly bowed forwards with posterior margin medially angularly swollen (Fig. a). Proximal sclerite triangular, proximally angled about 45° ... Enicospilus gonidius Gauld & Mitchell

Rs+2r sinuate, without a conspicuous median swelling (Fig. A) ... 4

4. Distal sclerite absent; proximal sclerite more or less quadrate; Rs+2r strongly sinuate (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus amygdalis Gauld & Mitchell

Distal sclerite present; proximal sclerite triangular, with proximal angle about 90°; Rs+2r weakly sinuate (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus akainus Gauld & Mitchell

5. Fenestra more or less entirely absent, or if a small glabrous area is discernible below Rs+2r then it is separated from the vein by a hirsute region; single sclerite sometimes present as a small sclerotized fleck parallel to Rs+2r (Fig. a) Rs+2r more or less straight ... Enicospilus congoensis (Cameron)

Fenestra distinct, confluent with Rs+2r (Fig. A); sclerites present or absent ... 6

6. Distal part of discosubmarginal cell without sclerites, at the very most with very indistinctly delineated thickenings of the fenestra membrane discernible (Fig. a) ... 7

Distal part of discosubmarginal cell with one or more distinctly delineated sclerites present, or in one Madagascan species-group with an ill-defined but pigmented weak sclerite present (Fig. A) ... 26

7. Hindwing with vein 1A proximally very strongly geniculate (Fig. a); NI less than 1.00 ... Enicospilus streblus Gauld & Mitchell

Hindwing with vein1A proximally more or less straight (Fig. A); NI almost always greater than 1.00 ... 8

8 Fore tibia with dense and long spines, spines basally far closer than their own
mean length; Tanzania ... Enicospilus gauldetmitchellorum Rousse & van Noort

– Fore tibia with distinctly sparser spines, or no spine ... 9

9. Head, when viewed dorsally with genae strongly inflated (Fig. a) lower face transverse ... 10

Head, when viewed dorsally with genae constricted or evenly rounded behind the eyes (Fig. A) lower face almost always elongate ... 11

10. 20th flagellar segment about 1.1 times as long as broad (Fig. a); anterior margin of fenestra less than 0.5 times as long as Rs+2r (Fig. b); alitrunk badious, wings infumate; Madagascar ... Enicospilus camboui Gauld & Mitchell

20th flagellar segment 1.3 or more times as long as broad (Fig. 122); anterior margin of fenestra more than 0.5 times as long as Rs+2r (Fig. 307); alitrunk reddish, wings hyaline; Africa, south of equator ... Enicospilus leucocotis (Tosquinet)

11. Forewing with CI greater than 1.50; Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a weakly bowed posteriorly (Fig. a). Metapleuron matt, finely and very closely punctate (Fig. b); propodeum with fine transverse wrinkling; hind trochantellus dorsally about 0.5 times as long as broad ... Enicospilus prolixus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with CI less than 1.25 (Fig. a); Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a more or less straight or bowed anteriorly (Fig. b) ... 12

12. Rs+2r with proximal 0.1 bearing a small angular projection before margin of fenestra; 1m-cu with a trace of a ramellus present (Fig. a). Mesopleuron punctate, this sculpture pattern overlaid by striations ... Enicospilus cubitalis (Szepligeti)

Rs+2r without an angular projection; 1m-cu often without a trace of ramellus discernible ... 13

13. Forewing with CI less than 0.45 (Fig. a); alitrunk reddish with scutellum and subalar prominences yellowish white. Fenestra large, reaching anterior corner of disco-submarginal cell ... Enicospilus fatalis Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with CI greater than 0.45; alitrunk more or less unicolorous, never with scutellum paler than mesoscutum ... 14

14. Forewing with ICI less than 0.55, usually less than 0.50 (Fig. a); epicnemial carina reaching at least to level of lower corner of pronotum ... 15

Forewing with ICI greater than 0.55, usually greater than 0.60 (Fig. A); epicnemial carina present or absent ... 19

15. Forewing with AI greater than 2.40; inter-ocellar area black (Fig. a). Rs+2r weakly sinuate with fenestra reaching anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus pressuratus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with Al less than 2.00; inter-ocellar area yellowish (Fig. A) ... 16

16. Rs+2r strongly sinuate; 1m-cu with a median geniculation or medially thickened (Fig. a) ... 16

Rs+2r weakly sinuate; 1m-cu sinuous or arcuate, without a median geniculation and not medially thickened (Fig. A) ... 18

17. Head when viewed dorsally with genae evenly rounded behind eyes (Fig. a); mesopleuron polished, punctate to punctostriate; vertex and inter-ocellar area orange; CI greater than 0.65 ... Enicospilus marjorieae Gauld & Mitchell

Head when viewed dorsally with genae strongly constricted (Fig. A); mesopleuron matt, punctate with fine reticulations between punctures; vertex and inter-ocellar area usually whitish; CI less than 0.70. ... Enicospilus camerunensis (Endelein)

18. Outer hind tarsal claw of female with central pectinae conspicuously longer than apical point of claw (Fig. a); upper mandibular tooth' strongly flattened (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus nugalis (Schulz)

Outer hind tarsal claw of female with all pectinae of similar size, all conspicuously shorter than the apical point of the claw (Fig. A); upper mandibular tooth weakly flattened (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus pseudonugalis Gauld & Mitchell

19. Forewing with Rs+2r proximally straight; fenestra small, but reaching anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell (Fig. a); posterior area of propodeum flat, laterally abruptly turned about 90° and with strong transverse striae extending from dorsal surface to metapleurae (Fig. b). Anterior margin of propodeal spiracle swollen, in lateral aspect virtually occluding spiracular orifice; wings infumate ... Enicospilus equatus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with Rs+2r angled somewhat before joining pterostigma; fenestra, moderately large, generally not reaching anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell (Fig. A); posterior area of propodeum various, often laterally evenly rounded and usually irregularly wrinkled ... 20

20. Pronotum mediodorsally with a strongly raised transverse crest and with antenor margm strongly up-turned (Fig. a); 1m-cu centrally angled often with a vestigial ramellus present (Fig. b). Longitudinal lateral carina of scutellum obsolete on posterior 0.5; head subquadrate with occipital carina in the form of a narrow flange ... Enicospilus junctus Gauld & Mitchell

Pronotum mediodorsally without a strongly raised crest (Fig. A), sometimes with a weak transverse ridge and with anterior margin either weakly up-turned or thickened; 1m-cu from arcuate to sinuate to centrally angled, sometimes with a vestigial ramellus discernible ... 21

21. Rs+2r strongly arcuate, bowed forwards; posterior margin of fenestra medially indented and bordered by a double row of closely inter-spaced short hairs; 1 m-cu proximally indented with a slight thickening or short ramellus directed into 2nd discal cell (Fig. a). Propodeum strongly coriaceous; Madagascan species ... Enicospilus angustatus (Brulle)

Rs+2r from almost straight to sinuate, rarely with vein weakly arcuate, but then with fenestra bordered by very long hairs; posterior margin of fenestra evenly curved, bordered by hairs of various lengths; 1m-cu various, never with thickening or ramellus directed into 2nd discal cell (Fig. A) ... 22

22. Forewing with Rs+2r more or less straight except at extreme proximal end (Fig. a); fenestra moderately large with weak quadra discernible; propodeum with strong irregular wrinkles, large species, forewing length 17mm+; Madagascar ... Enicospilus cohacarus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with Rs+2r sinuate (Fig. A) ... 23

23. Mesopleural impression in the form of a more or less circular pit (Fig. a); part of 2m-cu above bulla slightly longer than bulla; proximal margin of fenestra with a dense cluster of long, closely inter-spaced hairs; fenestra with at least sclerite discernible as a weak quadra (Fig. b). Large species, forewing length 15mm+; Madagascar. ... Enicospilus evanescens Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Mesopleural impression usually in the form of an elongate trough which is progressively shallower dorsally (Fig. A); part of 2m-cu above bulla from conspicuously shorter than bulla, to very slightly shorter than bulla proximal margin of fenestra without a dense cluster of elongate hair; quadra vestigial or absent ... 24

24. Forewing with AI less than 0.80 (Fig. a). Rs+2r weakly sinuate; CI = 0.50-0.75; submetapleural carina anteriorly abruptly expanded into a blunt lobe ... Enicospilus oweni Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with AI greater than 0.90 (Fig. A) ... 25

25. Epicnemial carina present only on mesosternum, not dorsally continued onto mesopleuron (Fig. a); Rs+2r weakly sinuate (Fig. b); hind tarsal claws with rather irregularly spaced assorted shaped pectinae (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus hyailosus Gauld & Mitchell

Epicnemial carina present on both mesosternum and mesopleuron at very least to level of lower corner of pronotum (Fig. A); Rs+2r strongly sinuate (Fig. B); hind tarsal claw with more uniform pectinae (Fig. C) ... 26

26. Propodeum coarsely reticulate or coriaceous (Fig. a); mandibles with teeth of similar size (Fig. b); clypeus 1.6-1.7 times as broad as long (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus senescens (Tosquinet)

Propodeum finely wrinkled, usually with the wrinkling more or less concentric (Fig. A); mandibles with upper tooth broader than the lower (Fig. B); clypeus 1.4-1. 5 times as broad as ... Enicospilus glyphanosus Gauld & Mitchell

27. Forewing bearing a very weakly pigmented sclerite, the margins of which are not clearly defined (Fig. a). Madagascar ... 28

Forewing with at least a single strongly pigmented sclerite, which is (at least for part of its periphery) distinctly delineated (Fig. A) ... 35

28. Forewing with Rs+2r more or less straight; weak sclerite very elongate, more or less parallel to Rs+2r (Fig. a) ... 29

Forewing with Rs+2r sinuate; weak sclerite oval to cuniform, if elongate then not parallel to Rs+2r (Fig. A) ... 31

29. Anterior margin of pronotum strongly up-turned (Fig. a); weak sclerite bordering posterior margin of fenestra, paralleled anteriorly by a weak quadra of similar size and shape (Fig. b); scutellum longitudinally concave. Terminal segments of metasoma black ... Enicospilus eirmosus Gauld & Mitchell

Anterior margin of pronotum not up-turned, weak sclerite anterior to posterior margin of fenestra, not paralleled by a quadra of similar size and shape (Fig. A); scutellum not concave ... 30

30. Forewing with CI less than 0.50 (Fig. a); male with sternites 6-8 bearing fine decumbent hair (Fig. b); fenestra not reaching anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus mamatsus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with CI greater than 1.00 (Fig. A); male with sternites 6-8 bearing long stout erect hairs in addition to fine decumbent ones (Fig. B); fenestra reaching anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell (Fig. C) ... Enicospilus decaryi Gauld & Mitchell

31. Forewing with ICI less than 0.50; central flagellar segments very elongate, 20th segment more than 2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. a). Discosubmarginal cell infumate; pale yellow species with alitrunk and terminal segments of metasoma badious ... Enicospilus umbratus

Forewing with ICI greater than 0.60; central flagellar segments less than 2.1 times as long as broad (Fig. A) ... 32

32. Posterior margin of fenestra medially indented (Fig. a); mesopleuron ventrally impunctate, finely striate, metapleuron coarsely reticulate (Fig. b); posterior part of inter-ocellar area black. Large orange species, forewing length 22mm+; posterior margin of tergite 3 and tergite 5 onwards black ... Enicospilus plagiatus (Saussure)

Posterior margin of fenestra more or less evenly convex (Fig. A); mesopleuron punctate to punctostriate, metapleuron punctate to alutaceous (Fig. B); posterior part of inter-ocellar area reddish-orange ...  33

33. Forewing with ICI greater than 0.95; alar sclerite entirely glabrous, positioned centrally in the fenestra (Fig. a); submetapleural carina strongly, but evenly broadened anteriorly (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus evanescens Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Forewing with ICI = 0.60-0.75; alar sclerite partially hirsute, positioned across margin of fenestra (Fig. A); submetapleural carina abruptly expanded into a triangular flange (Fig. B) ... 34

34. Rs+2r very strongly sinuate, alar sclerite elongate (Fig. a); mesopleuron punctostriate; flagellum with 60+ segments, the central segments about 1.3 times as long as broad (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus talaorus

Rs+2r only moderately sinuate, alar sclerite ovoid (Fig. A); mesopleuron punctate; flagellum with about 50 segments, central segments about 1.1 times as long as broad (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus seyrigi

35. Pronotum with epomia strongly developed (Fig. a); mandibles weakly narrowed, not twisted with lower tooth slightly the longer (Fig. b); malar space about 1.0 times as long as basal mandibular width, forewing with a single sclerite; SDI about 0.8. Rs+2r slightly bowed; inter-ocellar area black, face white (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus diro Gauld & Mitchell

Pronotum without epomia (Fig. A); mandibles usually strongly narrowed and twisted; malar space usually less than 1.0, or if rarely about 1.0 then forewing with 2 sclerites; SDI usually greater than 0.9 ... 36

36. Alar sclerite more than 10.0 times as long as broad, parallel to posterior margin of fenestra (Fig. a). Mesopleuron alutaceous; CI less than 0.30; ICI = 0.30-0.35; inter-ocellar area black (Fig. b); Madagascar ... Enicospilus rehanarius

Alar sclerite(s) of various shapes, generally less than 6.0 times as long as broad (Fig. A), if rarely elongate then either with more than 1 distinct sclerite present or sclerite not parallel to posterior margin of fenestra (Fig. B) ... 37

37. Rs+2r strongly and evenly bowed forwards so that anterior margin of vein is an evenly convex curve (thus if a hypothetical tangent is drawn for any point on this curve, excluding the extreme ends, the tangent will not cross the vein) (Fig. a). ICI less than 0.70; Madagascar ... 38

Rs+2r more or less sinuate or virtually straight; anterior margin of vein thus varies from a straight line to a sinuous curve (so that if a hypothetical tangent is drawn for any point on this line then the tangent will usually cross the vein) (Fig. A) …43

38. Forewing with ICI = 0.60-0.70; proximal sclerite ovate; central sclerite oval, weakly pigmented and positioned in centre of fenestra (Fig. a). Occipital carina mediodorsally wanting ... Enicospilus janakus

Forewing with ICI less than 0.59; alar sclerites various, never as above (Fig. A) ... 39

39. Fenestra with a single elongately oval sclerite close to distal margin (Fig. a); proximal sclerite absent; pronotal margin moderately up-turned (Fig. b). AI about 3.00; mandibles strongly tapered, upper tooth very much the longer (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus volitius Gauld & Mitchell

Fenestra with at least one sclerite positioned near the proximal margin; distal sclerite present or absent, not oval (Fig. A); pronotal margin simple ... 40

40. Forewing with CI about 0.30; proximal sclerite more or less triangular, postero-distally confluent with narrow distal sclerite bordering the posterior margin of the fenestra (Fig. a).

Epicnemial carina not reaching above lower corner of pronotum; thyridia large separated from anterior margin of tergite by about 1.5 times its own length ... Enicospilus indovus

Forewing with CI greater than 0.50; 2 separate, rather irregular shaped sclerites present in fenestra (Fig. A) ... 41

41. Alar sclerites positioned so that one is anterior to the other; posterior sclerite more or less J-shaped, anterior one poorly delineated, cuniform (Fig. a). Forewing with ICI = 0.35-0.50 ... Enicospilus antimena (Saussure)

Alar sclerites positioned so that one is distal to the other, both being more or less cuniform, ellipsoidal or ovate, never J-shaped (Fig. A) ... 42

42. Distal sclerite cuniform, its most acute corner directed antero-proximally; proximal sclerite oval (Fig. a); upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus cariosus (Enderlein)

Distal sclerite ellipsoidal with more acute corner directed proximally (Fig. A); proximal sclerite triangular; mandibular teeth subequal, or with lower tooth slightly the longer (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus damius Gauld & Mitchell

43. Fenestra with a single, very small, circular or oval sclerite positioned more or less centrally (Fig. A). Rs+2r moderately to strongly sinuate; CI greater than 0.70 ... 44

Fenestra with one or more sclerites, if with a single sclerite then this is linear, reniform or subtriangular, if very rarely it is oval then it is close to or adjacent with the fenestral margin  ... 46

44. Alar sclerite more or less circular; ICI less than 0.50 (Fig. a); hind trochantellus often mediodorsally more than 0.3 times as long as broad (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus abessyniensis (Szepligetj)

Alar sclerite oval; ICI more than 0.60 (Fig. A); hind trochantellus mediodorsally less than 0.2 times as long as broad (Fig. B) …45

45. Propodeum with strong concentric striae; mesopleuron punctostriate (Fig. a); alar sclerite distal to sector by about 3.0 times its own maximum diameter (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus lancasteri Gauld & Mitchell

Propodeum with weak irregular wrinkling; mesopleuron finely alutaceous (Fig. A); alar sclerite distal to sector by at most 1.0 times its maximum diameter (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus microspilus Gauld & Mitchell (few specimens)

46. Forewing with 2 proximal sclerites, an ellipsoidal one positioned anteriorly to a triangular one (Fig. a); hind tarsal claws of female asymmetrical, the inner geniculate and basally lobate, the outer normal (Fig. b). ICI less than 0.20; distal sclerite distinct, not confluent with proximal sclerites; mesoscutum dark brown with longitudinal yellow stripes. ... Enicospilus nefarius

Forewing with only a single proximal sclerite (Fig. A); hind tarsal claws various ... 47

47. Inter-ocellar area and terminal segments of metasoma black (Fig. a); alitrunk reddish; clypeus in profile convex ... 48

Inter-ocellar area or terminal segments of metasoma not black (Fig. A) unless, rarely, entire insect is black, or in one species which has the inter-ocellar area black and the terminal segments of the metasoma slightly infuscate the c1ypeus in profile is flat; clypeus in profile otherwise various; alitrunk variously coloured ... 52

48. Fore tibia flattened with numerous moderately long spines on anterior surface; flagellum rather short, 50-51 segmented, the central segments less than 2.1 times as long as broad. Mandibular teeth very unequal, the upper conspicuously the longer; mesopleuron punctostriate (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus luebberti (Enderlein) (in part)

Fore tibia not strongly flattened and with weak scattered spines on anterior surface; flagellum usually elongate, central segments often more than 2.1 times as long as broad ... 49

49. Hind tarsal claws with 8 widely interspaced very short pectinae (Fig. a); malar space 0.4-0.7 times as broad as basal mandibular width (Fig. b); mesopleuron elosely punctate (Fig. c); flagellum with 50-52 segments ... Enicospilus agrophus Gauld & Mitchell

Hind tarsal claws with more than 8 fairly closely inter-spaced rather long pectinae (Fig. A); malar space usually less than 0.5 times as broad as basal mandibular width; mesopleuron punctostriate to striate (Fig. B); flagellum with 54+ segments ... 50

50. Lower face subquadrate, 0.9-1.1 times as broad as long (Fig. a); mesopleuron impunctate, highly polished, finely striate (Fig. b) metapleuron with obsolescent alutaceous sculpturing; flagellum 55-62 segmented... Enicospilus apicalis (Szepligeti)

Lower face elongate, less than 0.85 times as broad as long (Fig. A); mesopleuron usually punctostriate, very rarely virtually impunctate (Fig. B); metapleuron punctate to striate; flagellum 60-70 segmented ... 51

51. Upper tooth of mandible about 1.8 times as long as the lower (Fig. a); metapleuron regularly and moderately sparsely punctate (Fig. b). South African species ... Enicospilus drakensbergi

Upper tooth of mandible about 1.3 times as long as the lower tooth (Fig. A); metapleuron punctostriate to coarsely closely punctate (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus justus (Seyrig)

52. Central sclerite entirely absent (Fig. a), or in a few species with the sclerite represented by an indistinctly delineated and almost entirely unpigmented spot (Fig. b) ... 53

Central sclerite or sclerites present (Fig. A), clearly delineated for at least part of their periphery, pigmented and often thickened ... 92 (Intermediate specimens may be traced through either half of the couplet)

53. Proximal sclerite linear, confluent with distal sclerite, the two together forming a narrow U-shaped sclerite bordering the fenestra (Fig. a). ICI less than 0.40; abscissa of M between 2m-cu and 3rm slightly bowed forward; mandibular teeth slender, the upper tooth flattened dorsoventrally ... Enicospilus taxus

Proximal sclerite variously shaped, if rarely linear then never confluent with distal sclerite (Fig. A) ... 54

54. Hind leg with trochantellus very long, mediodorsally as long as or longer than broad (Fig. a). Metapleuron obsoletely punctate, often longitudinally striate; alitrunk often badious; flagellum with central segments more than 2.0 times as long as broad; East African mountains ... 55

Hind leg with trochantellus rather short, mediodorsally conspicuously shorter than broad (Fig. A) ... 57

55. Insect almost entirely badious, only posterior orbits pale marked; abscissa of M between 2m-cu and 3rm less than 1.0 times as long as 2m-cu; lower face elongate, less than 0.85 times as broad as long. Mesoscutum in profile with a distinct concavity before anterior margin; flagellum very long, female with 62+, male with 61+ segments ... Enicospilus diabolicus Gauld & Mitchell

Insect with at least tergites 1-3 of metasoma red; abscissa of M between 2m-cu and 3rm 1.05 times as long as 2m-cu; lower face often more than 0.80 times as broad as long ... 56

56. Alitrunk entirely badious, the mesopleuron matt, obsoletely punctate to finely alutaceous; malar space about 0.4 times as long as basal mandibular width ... Enicospilus species 5

Alitrunk almost entirely reddish-brown, the mesopleuron subpolished and striate; malar space 0.6 times as long as basal mandibular width ... Enicospilus communis Szepligeti (few specimens)

57. Inter-ocellar area black, generally contrasted with remainder of vertex ... 58

Inter-ocellar area reddish, yellowish or white, generally concolorous with remainder of vertex ...  62

58. Anterior margin of pronotum strongly up-turned, the medial margin impressed, turned backwards to almost meet an anterior extension of the mesoscutum (Fig. a); forewing with AI greater than 2.00 (Fig. b). Rs+2r almost straight; sclerite small and oval ... Enicospilus mahalonius Gauld & Mitchell

Anterior margin of pronotum not mediodorsally up-turned, at most very slightly thickened; forewing with AI less than 1.40 ... 59

59. Rs+2r very strongly sinuate; fenestra very large, extending distal to level of 2m-cu and with distal margin closer to base of Rs than length of 3rm (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus mauritii (Saussure)

Rs+2r straight, weakly sinuate or centrally "kinked''; fenestra moderately large, not extending distal to level of 2m-cu and with distal margin usually further from base of Rs than length of 3rm (Fig. A) ... 60

60. Forewing with Rs+2r centrally with a pronounced "kink"; proximal sclerite of irregular shape, distally somewhat bilobate (Fig. a); male with sternites 6-8 bearing sparse fine decumbent hair (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus sliochus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with Rs+2r virtually straight; proximal sclerite triangular (Fig. A); male with sternites 6-8 bearing long thickened erect hair (Fig. B) ... 61

61. Clypeus in profile strongly swollen, apical margin blunt (Fig. a); meso and metapleurae punctate (Fig. b); genae broad, weakly posteriorly constricted. Dark reddish-brown species ... Enicospilus pescator (Seyrig)

Clypeus in profile weakly convex, margin in-turned, acute (Fig. A) meso and metapleurae striate (Fig. B); genae narrow, posteriorly strongly constricted ... Enicospilus dolosus (Tosquinet)

62. Forewing with. a single elongate sclerite which is more than 4.0 times as long as wide and with longest two sides sub parallel (Fig. a). Madagascan species ... 63

Forewing with proximal sclerite triangular, cuniform, oval or reniform (Fig. A) ... 65

63. Rs+2r very straight; forewing with CI less than 0.30 (Fig. a); small species, forewing length about 10 mm ... Enicospilus belosus Gauld & Mitchell

Rs+2r centrally angled to sinuate; forewing with CI greater than 0.60; large species, forewing length 16mm+... 64

64. Distal part of discosubmarginal cell slightly constricted by Rs+2r approaching 1m-cu; sclerite long and narrow but virtually straight (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus punctipinnis (Saussure)

Distal part of discosubmarginal cell fairly evenly tapered; sclerite very long and narrow, slightly crescentric (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus fananus Gauld & Mitchell

65. Pronotum mediodorsally with anterior margin strongly up-turned and with the extreme edge turned backwards anterior margin of mesoscutum in the mid line projecting slightly beyond margin of pronotum (Fig. a). Madagascan species …66

Pronotum simple, mediodorsally with anterior margin very weakly up-turned or thickened or flat· anterior margin of mesoscutum not extending beyond margin of pronotum (Fig. A) ... 67

66. Mesopleuron highly polished with deep punctures (Fig. a); Rs+2r almost straight; proximal sclerite triangular, distally extended along margin of fenestra but not joining vestigial distal sclerite (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus retsifoius Gauld & Mitchell

Mesopleuron matt, punctostriate (Fig. A); Rs+2r sinuate rather strongly; proximal sclerite oval distal sclerite absent (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus lanafius Gauld & Mitchell

67. Forewing with CI greater than 0.75 (Fig. a); large Madagascan species with forewing length greater than 13mm; epicnemial carina usually vestigial above lower corner of pronotum (Fig. b) ... 68

Forewing with CI less than 0.74 (Fig. A), usually less than 0.65, very rarely in few specimens of one species with CI more than 0.75, but then forewing length less than 12mm; species otherwise of various size and from various regions; epicnemial carina often (but not always) reaching well above lower corner of pronotum (Fig. B) ... 72

68. Forewing with AI less than 0.90; fenestra postero-distally occluded by an area of short dense hairs which are separated from the slightly longer sparser pubescence of the wing membrane by a vestigial distal sclerite (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus xandarus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with Al more than 0.95; fenestra glabrous (Fig. A) ... 69

69. Proximal sclerite small, ovate (Fig. a); distal portion of discosubmarginal cell strongly constricted immediately distal to fenestra (Fig. b). Mesopleuron matt with more or less contiguous obsolescent punctures overlaid by fine reticulation ... Enicospilus microspilus Gauld & Mitchell (most specimens)

Proximal sclerite of moderate size, triangular (Fig. A); distal portion of discosubmarginal cell generally not constricted beyond fenestra except in one species which has the mesopleuron punctate and polished ... 70

70. Proximal sclerite not distally extended; Rs+2r from almost straight to somewhat sinuate (Fig. a); upper mandibular tooth not at all dorsally flattened (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus vorikus Gauld & Mitchell

Proximal sclerite distally extended into a tall; Rs+2r strongly sinuate (Fig. A); upper mandibular tooth slightly dorsoventrally depressed (Fig. B) ... 71

71. Meso and metapleurae matt, obsoletely punctate, overlaid by fine aluto-striation; propodeum dorsally with weak transverse striations (Fig. a); SDI = l.80 ... Enicospilus famantrus Gauld & Mitchell

Meso and metapleurae polished with strong deep punctures and no trace of striation; propodeum dorsally reticulate (Fig. A); SDI = 1.10-1.40 ... Enicospilus oswaldi (Saussure)

72. Rs+2r exceptionally strongly sinuate, bowed forwards; fenestra very large and extending distal to level of 2m-cu with distal margin separated from base of Rs by only slightly more than length of hair bordering fenestra (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus recavus Gauld & Mitchell

Rs+2r weakly to moderately sinuate; fenestra of moderate size, always with distal margin much farther from base of Rs than length of hair bordering fenestra (Fig. A) ... 73

73. Proximal sclerite comma-shaped or reniform (Fig. a) ... 74

Proximal sclerite triangular or oval (Fig. A) ... 76

74. Clypeus 1.8 or more times as broad as long, in profile strongly swollen, subapically impressed marginally out-turned; mandibles elongate, for distal 0.6 parallel sided, upper tooth more than 2.5 times lower (Fig. a). Mesopleuron punctostriate ... Enicospilus nubeculatus Seyrig

Clypeus less than 1.7 times as broad as long, in profile weakly convex, apically in-turned; mandibles moderately long, usually more or less evenly tapered with upper tooth less than 2.0 times length of lower ... 75

75. Forewing with AI greater than 1.00; distal sclerite entirely absent; fenestra about 1.5 times as broad as long (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus icterus Gauld & Mitchell

Forewing with AI less than 1.00; distal sclerite present, confluent with proximal sclerite; fenestra about 2.0 times as broad as long (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus pacificus (Holmgren) (few aberrant individuals)

76. Clypeus in profile weakly to strongly convex, apically either in-turned or subapically impressed with margin out-turned (Fig. a) ... 77

Clypeus in profile flat with apical margin neither impressed, out-turned nor in-turned (Fig. A) ...  86

77. Lower mandibular tooth very slightly the longer (Fig. a). Forewing with AI greater than 0.95 and with CI greater than 0.40 ... Enicospilus bantu (Schulz)

Lower mandibular tooth from as long as to conspicuously shorter than the upper tooth (Fig. A) ... 78

78. Forewing with Al greater than l.00 (Fig. a), usually greater than l.05, if very rarely l.00-l.05 then with CI greater than 0.60; CI otherwise 0.45-0.70 ... 79

Forewing with AI less than l.00 (Fig. A), usually less than 0.80, if very rarely 0.80-l.00 then with CI less than 0.50; CI otherwise 0.15-0.55 ... 81

79. Posterior side of proximal sclerite about 2.0 times as long as antero-proximal side and with distal corner becoming progressively more weakly sclerotized distally (Fig. a); propodeum with strong transverse striae on posterior part of posterior area ... Enicospilus sphenus Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Posterior side of proximal sclerite at most 1.5 times as long as antero-proximal side and with distal comer more or less sharply delineated (Fig. A); propodeum with weak to moderately strong irregular wrinkling ... 80

80. Mandible fairly short, evenly and weakly narrowed, subequally bidentate and with a groove running from the upper proximal corner to between teeth, this groove bearing a band of closely packed long hairs (Fig. a); metapleuron aluto-striate with scattered punctures (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus helvolus Gauld & Mitchell

Mandible moderately long, proximally strongly constricted and distally weakly narrowed with upper tooth distinctly the longer; outer mandibular surface without a groove, with scattered hairs (Fig. A); metapleuron virtually impunctate, longitudinally striate (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus dubius (Tosquinet)

81. Mandibles weakly and rather evenly narrowed from base to apex, outer surface with isolated hairs, the teeth subequal in length (Fig. a); metapleuron strongly inflated; CI less than 0.30. Mesopleuron punctostriate; central flagellar segments less than 2.0 times as long as broad ... Enicospilus brevicornis (Masi)

Mandibles proximally strongly narrowed with at least distal 0.5 more or less parallel sided (Fig. A); outer mandibular surface usually with a median band of dense hair; mandibular teeth from sub equal to very unequal; metapleuron weakly inflated; CI usually greater than 0.30 ... 82

82. Upper mandibular tooth less than 1.5 times as long as lower; head when viewed dorsally subquadrate (Fig. a); malar space 0.5-0.6 times as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus henryi Gauld & Mitchell

Upper mandibular tooth more than 2.0 times as long as the lower; head when viewed dorsally transverse (Fig. A); malar space less than 0.4 times as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. B) ... 83

83. Notauli strongly impressed, reaching 0.4 of length of mesoscutum (Fig. a); fenestra with central sclerite represented by a large weakly pigmented spot (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg) (few aberrant specimens)

Notauli vestigial to weakly impressed only on anterior 0.2 of mesoscutum (Fig. A); central sclerite small and vestigial or absent (Fig. B) ... 84

84. Mandible without a strongly impressed diagonal furrow (Fig. a); 20th flagellar segment 2.1-2.4 times as long as broad; lower face unicolorous, yellowish or brownish. Mesopleuron punctostriate; mid tibial spurs not exceptionally unequal, the shorter more than 0.6 of the length of the longer ... Enicospilus leionotus (Tosquinet)

Mandible with a strongly impressed diagonal furrow extending from upper proximal corner to between teeth (Fig. A); 20th flagellar segment less than 2.0 times as long as broad; lower face centrally dark, orbits paler ... 85

85. Mesopleuron on lower half punctate regularly (Fig. a); mid tibial spurs not strongly unequal, the shorter more than 0.65 times the length of the longer and of similar thickness (Fig. b); central sclerite usually entirely absent (Fig. c) ... Enicospilus herero (Enderlein)

Mesopleuron punctostriate on lower part (Fig. A); mid tibial spurs strongly unequal, the shorter less than 0.60 times as long as the longer and conspicuously thinner (Fig. B); central sclerite represented by a small vestige (Fig. C) ... Enicospilus species 6

86. Forewing with ICI greater than 0.80 (Fig. a); propodeum with posterior area coarsely rugose (Fig. b). Pale yellow species; propodeal spiracle anterior to transpropodeal furrow ... Enicospilus grandiflavus Townes & Townes

Forewing with ICI less than 0.75 (Fig. A); propodeum with posterior area reticulate or finely wrinkled (Fig. B) ... 87

87. Forewing with proximal sclerite proximally evenly rounded with anterior and posterior sides subparallel, distally indistinctly delineated (Fig. a). Scutellum ivory or yellowish; Rs+2r medially swollen; head with genae rather weakly constricted ... Enicospilus albiger (Kriechbaumer)

Forewing with proximal sclerite more or less triangular, never exactly as above (Fig. A) ... 88

88. Scutellum ivory; lower face very narrow, less than 0.65 times as broad as long, with broad ivory orbital stripes. Dark reddish brown species with ivory markings on head and alitrunk ... Enicospilus species 4

Scutellum reddish to yellowish-brown; lower face 0.65 times or more as broad as long, usually without pale orbital stripes ... 89

89. Forewing with SDI greater than 1.60; proximal sclerite small, distally elongately extended (Fig. a) CI = 0.6+; Madagascar ... Enicospilus sphenus Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Forewing with SDI less than 1.60; proximal sclerite large, more or less evenly triangular (Fig. A) ... 90

90. Anterior propodeal area mediodorsally longer than spiracular area, the transpropodeal furrow which separates them runs behind the spiracles (Fig. a); proximal corner of proximal sclerite evenly rounded (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus prospiracularis Gauld & Mitchell

Anterior propodeal area mediodorsally shorter than spiracular area, the transpropodeal furrow running in front of the spiracles (Fig. A); proximal corner of proximal sclerite angled (Fig. B) ... 91

91. Male with gonosquama bearing a small acute protuberance on postero-distal corner (Fig. a); subterminal flagellar segments about 2.0 times as long as broad (Fig. b); scutellum 1.8-2.0 times as long as broad anteriorly ... Enicospilus rufus (Brulle)

Male with gonosquama simply terminally rounded; subterminal flagellar segments about 1.7 times as long as broad (Fig. A) scutellum usually less than 1.8 times as long as broad anteriorly ... Enicospilus quietus (Seyrig)

92. Fenestra with 2 or more central sclerites differentiated (Fig. a), rarely with the most posterior of these weakly pigmented ... 93

Fenestra with only 1 central sclerite distinguishable (Fig. A)  ... 106

93. Fenestra with 3 or more central sclerites present (Fig. a) ... 94

Fenestra with only 2 central sclerites present (Fig. A) ... 95

94. Fenestra with 3 central sclerites, the anterior and posterior ones ovate, the middle one reniform (Fig. a); mandible rather weakly and evenly narrowed (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus babaulti (Seyrig)

Fenestra with 5 or 6 central sclerites, the anterior one linear, the middle one almost J-shaped and the posterior 3 oval or circular, sometimes with the most distal of these ovate, or with this sclerite subdivided into 2 circular sclerites (Fig. A); mandible proximally constricted, distally almost parallel sided (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus polyspilus Gauld & Mitchell

95. Central sclerites long and narrow, together forming a more or less V-shaped sclerite with a narrow medioventral discontinuity between the sclerites (Fig. a). Mesopleuron striate ... Enicospilus divisus (Seyrig)

Central sclerite of various shape, never together forming a V-shaped sclerite (Fig. A) … 96

96. Proximal and 2 central sclerites of approximately the same surface area (Fig. a); hind tarsal claws asymmetrical, the outer normally curved, the inner strongly geniculate, basally lobate (Fig. b). Upper mandibular tooth flattened; coxae, most of alitrunk and metasoma except tergite 2 badious ... Enicospilus drymosus

Proximal sclerite always very much larger than one or other of the central sclerites (Fig. A); hind tarsal claws usually more or less symmetrical (Fig. B) ... 97

97. One central sclerite closer to proximal sclerite than it is to the other central sclerite (Fig. a); forewing with ICI and CI less than 0.50 (Fig. b) ... 98

Either with central sclerites closer to each other than either is to the proximal sclerite (Fig. A), or with an elongate sclerite close to and parallel with the margin of proximal sclerite (Fig. B), or with ICI and CI greater than 0.60 …99

98. Clypeus in profile almost flat, apical margin weakly in turned (Fig. a); insect uniformly brownish-red (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus meledonosus Gauld & Mitchell(14)

Clypeus in profile convex, apical margin very strongly inturned (Fig. A); insect pale yellowish with profuse badious markings on face, metasoma, alitrunk and coxae (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus vatius Gauld & Mitchell

99. Forewing with CI less than 0.25; fenestra with a moderately large central sclerite positioned distal to a minute second central sclerite (Fig. a). Alitrunk profusely pale marked (Fig. b); Madagascan species ... Enicospilus kadiosus

Forewing with CI more than 0.30; central sclerites generally placed so one is anterior to the other and usually both of moderate or large size (Fig. A) ... 100

100. Insect more or less entirely badious, clothed with obvious fine white pubescence; meso and metapleurae submatt, impunctate, finely and evenly micro-reticulate (Fig. a). Hind tarsal claws asymmetrical, the inner somewhat more angularly curved than the outer ... Enicospilus ruwenzorius

Insect not entirely badious and generally with inconspicuous pubescence; meso and meta pleurae various, usually polished and punctate to striate, never evenly micro-reticulate ...  101

101. Most anterior of central sclerites quadrate, proximally indistinctly delineated; postero-central sclerite more or less J -shaped (Fig. a). Propodeum with fine irregular wrinkling ... Enicospilus cittus Gauld & Mitchell

Anterior central sclerite usually linear, crescentric or L-shaped, never quadrate; postero-central sclerite linear, circular or crescentric (Fig. A) ... 102

102. Proximal sclerite more or less L-shaped, its proximal corner angled at 80°-90° (Fig. a) ... 103

Proximal sclerite more or less triangular, its proximal corner either rounded or very acutely angled (Fig. A) ... 104

103. Postero-central sclerite minute and circular (Fig. a); propodeum rugose (Fig. b); hind tarsal claws more or less symmetrical; forewing with ICI about 0.70 ... Enicospilus hecastus Gauld & Mitchell

Postero-central sclerite from small and crescentric  to long and "sausage-shaped" (Fig. A); propodeum finely transversely wrinkled (Fig. B); hind tarsal claws somewhat asymetrical, the inner more abruptly curved; ICI = 0.40-0.50 ... Enicospilus simandrius Gauld & Mitchell

104. Forewing with ICI and CI both less than 0.45; hind tarsal claws asymetrical; postero-central sclerite very weakly sclerotized, indistinctly delineated (Fig. a). Clypeus in profile moderately convex; metasoma badious, tergite 2 pale yellow ... Enicospilus drasmosus Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Forewing with ICI and CI usually greater than 0.50, if rarely with one slightly less than 0.50 then the other is conspicuously greater than 0.50; hind tarsal claws symmetrical; postero-central sclerite sometimes strongly pigmented and partially distinctly delineated (Fig. A) ... 105

105. Proximal angle of proximal sclerite very acute, 30°-40° (Fig. a); postero-central sclerite often long and narrow, parallel to posterior margin of fenestra ... Enicospilus biimpressus (Brulle) (in part)

Proximal angle of proximal sclerite from rounded to moderately acute, 50°-60° (Fig. A); postero-central sclerite usually oval or crescentric , often subparallel to distal margin of fenestra ... Enicospilus seminiger (Szepligeti)

106. Proximal sclerite crescentric  or D-shaped, widely separated from central sclerite and with the space between these sclerites bearing a more or less detached infumate quadra (Fig. a); clypeus in profile convex, with apical margin strongly in-turned ... 107

Proximal sclerite usually more or less triangular, if rarely crescentric  or D-shaped then either it is very close to the central sclerite or it is moderately widely separated from it but the intervening area does not bear an obvious detached quadra (Fig. A); clypeus from flat to strongly convex ... 109

107. Distal sderite entirely absent; ICI greater than 0.45; AI less than 0.90 (Fig. a). Proximal and central sclerites small, of similar size and shape ... Enicospilus amarus Gauld & Mitchell

Distal sclerite present; ICI less than 0.45; AI greater than 1.00 (Fig. A) ... 108

108. Proximal sclerite very much larger than central sclerite, the former comma-shaped (Fig. a); propodeum transversely wrinkled (Fig. b); dark reddish-brown species ... Enicospilus rubens (Tosquinet)

Proximal sclerite only slightly larger than central sclerite, the former stoutly crescentric  (Fig. A); propodeum coarsely reticulate (Fig. B); orange-red species ... Enicospilus corrugans (Enderlein)

109. Fore tibia and basitarsus and usually also the 2nd tarsal segment bearing on antero-distal surfaces numerous large thickened spines which are basally separated by less than their own length (Fig. a); head when viewed dorsally with genae somewhat inflated ... 110

Fore tibia and tarsi with at most a relatively few scattered spines on anterior surfaces (Fig. A); head when viewed dorsally various, often with genae not at all inflated ... 111

110. Inter-ocellar area black: proximal sclerite more or less equilaterally triangular (Fig. a); distal 0.5 of fore tibia in transverse section more or less circular; outer surface of mandible with a median longitudinal groove which is not extended to upper proximal corner (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus luebberti (Enderlein) (in part)

Inter-ocellar area yellowish-brown; proximal sclerite with proximal angle about 40°, posterior side longer than either of the other two sides (Fig. A); distal 0.5 of fore tibia in section oval, the anterior side flattened; outer surface of mandible with a groove extending from upper proximal corner to between bases of teeth (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus batus Gauld & Mitchell

111. Malar space very broad, at least 0.7 times the width of the mandibular base (Fig. a); head with genae swollen in dorsal-aspect ... 112

Malar space 0.6 times or less, generally very much less, times as long as basal mandibular width ... 114

112. Clypeus in profile more or less flat, but with apical margin in-turned (Fig. a); ICI less than 0.50; outer surface of mandible more or less flat; terminal segments of metasoma reddish ... Enicospilus ovius Gauld & Mitchell

Clypeus in profile convex with apical margin impressed (Fig. A); ICI more than 0.60; outer surface of mandible with a groove extending from proximal upper corner towards bases of mandibular teeth; terminal segments of metasoma infuscate ... 113

113. Upper tooth of mandible at least 3.0 times as long as the lower, the mandible twisted about 10° (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus species l

Upper tooth of the mandible less than 2.0 times as long as lower, the mandible twisted at least 40° (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus reti Gauld & Mitchell

114. Clypeus medially exceptionally strongly swollen into a large nasute promontory (Fig. a); tarsal claws of female with central pectinae as long as apex of claw (Fig. b). Inter-ocellar area blackish; upper mandibular tooth dorsal-ventrally flattened; central sclerite small ... Enicospilus vontalis Gauld & Mitchell

Clypeus flat to strongly swollen, but never with swelling in form of a large nasute promontory (Fig. A); central pectinae of tarsal claws usually shorter than claw apex (Fig. B) ... 115

115. Inter-ocellar area uniformly black (Fig. a) ...  116

Inter-ocellar area reddish or yellowish, rarely somewhat infuscate close to ocellar margins (Fig. A)  ...  122

116. Propodeum in profile exceptionally long, dorsally virtually without sculpture, highly polished (Fig. a); scutellum only laterally carinate for 0.5 of its length; anterior transcarina of propodeum reduced to a central vestige. Ruwenzori mountains ... Enicospilus anaxeus Gauld & Mitchell

Propodeum in profile short to moderately long, dorsally with posterior area strongly sculptured (Fig. A); scutellum laterally carinate for at least 0.8 of its length; anterior propodeal transcarina complete ... 117

117. Apex of hind tarsal claw turned through an angle of about 110° with pectinae very short (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus bebelus

Apex of hind tarsal claw turned through about 90°, with pectinae of normal length (Fig. A) ... 118

118. Forewing with AI greater than 0.90 ... 119

Forewing with AI less than 0.85 ... 120

119. Central sclerite small, separated from Rs+2r by more than its greatest diameter; proximal sclerite ellipsoidal, distally poorly sclerotized (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus cednus Gauld & Mitchell

Central sclerite large, separated from Rs+2r by about its maximum diameter or less; proximal sclerite triangular, evenly sclerotized (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus daulus Gauld & Mitchell

120. Central sclerite represented by a strongly sclerotized oval which is separated from Rs+2r by less than its maximum diameter (Fig. a). Alitrunk reddish to badious ... Enicospilus furius (Seyrig)

Central sclerite represented by a weak ellipsoidal fleck which is separated from Rs+2r by more than its maximum diameter (Fig. A) ... 121

121. Head in dorsal view with genae short, strongly narrowed (Fig. a); mesopleuron almost impunctate, finely striate (Fig. b); upper mandibular tooth about 1.5 times, or less, as long as lower (Fig. c); alitrunk badious … Enicospilus species 2

Head in dorsal view with genae longer, slightly inflated (Fig. A); mesopleuron puncto-striate (Fig. B); upper mandibular tooth more than 1.6 times as long as the lower (Fig. C); alitrunk reddish brown ... Enicospilus communis (Szepligeti) (most specimens)

122. Proximal sclerite narrowly crescentric, positioned distal to sector (Fig. a). Central sclerite small, ovate; lower face in profile almost flat; AI more than 1.00; Madagascar ... Enicospilus fetus Gauld & Mitchell

Proximal sclerite not as above, usually triangular, rarely reniform or L-shaped, but in such cases it is opposite or proximal to apex of marginal angle ... 123

123. Proximal sclerite more or less thorn-shaped that is with proximal corner very acute and with distal margin slightly concave (Fig. a). Anterior margin of central sclerite parallel to Rs+2r; quadra very large, proximally either bilobed or with transparent area, often with postero-proximal margin of quadra thickened ... Enicospilus biimpressus (Brulle) (in part)

Proximal sclerite not thorn-shaped, usually triangular, less commonly reniform or L-shaped ... 124

124. Hind tarsal claws conspicuously asymmetrical, the outer normal, the inner exceptionally strongly curved and basally lobate and with a short pecten (Fig. a); AI always greater than 0.80 ... 125

Hind tarsal claws more or less symmetrical both of similar curvature and pectenation; AI various ... 130 (Intermediate specimens will key through either half of couplet.)

125. Lower edge of mandible with a distinct angulation close to base of lower tooth (Fig. a); mid and hind trochantelli apically produced into an acute tooth; forewing with CI greater than 0.70 (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus glarus Gauld & Mitchell

Lower edge of mandible evenly curved, without an angulation; mid and hind trochantelIi simple; forewing with CI less than 0.65 ... 126

126. Scutellum matt, finely alutaceous; meso and meta pleurae finely alutaceous (Fig. a); propodeum finely wrinkled ... 127

Scutellum polished, usually punctate; meso and metapleurae punctate, puncto-striate or striate (Fig. A); propodeum coarsely wrinkled ... 128

127. Submetapleural carina anteriorly broadened, at widest point about 3.0 times as broad as minimum propodeal spiracular diameter (Fig. a); meso and metapleurae polished; inner hind tarsal claw basally lobate, with short stout pectinae, male with similar but with more numerous closely packed pectinae . ... Enicospilus hoplus Gauld & Mitchell

Submetapleural carina more or less parallel sided, at widest point about 1.0 times as broad as minimum diameter of propodeal spiracle (Fig. A); meso and metapleurae matt; inner hind tarsal claw with small basal lobe, female with 8-10 pectinae that are of moderate length and stout, male similar but with pectinae slightly shorter. Hind tarsal claws only weakly asymetrical ... Enicospilus expeditus (Tosquinet) (in part)

128. Central sclerite bar-shaped, more or less parallel with Rs+2r (Fig. a); mesopleuron, at least on lower 0.5, finely striate; flagellum with 63-68 segments. Coxae pale yellowish, alitrunk black marked ... Enicospilus drasmosus Gauld & Mitchell (in part)

Central sclerite more or less crescentric; mesopleuron punctate or puncto-striate; flagellum with 60-63 segments ... 129

129. Mesopleuron ventrally closely and evenly punctate (Fig. a); central sclerite stoutly crescentric; proximal corner of proximal sclerite about 70° (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus octus Gauld & Mitchell

Mesopleuron ventrally puncto-striate (Fig. A); central sclerite narrowly crescentric to oval; proximal corner of proximal sclerite about 90° (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus nesius Gauld & Mitchell

130. Central sclerite bar-shaped, cIose to and parallel with Rs+2r (Fig. a); clypeus in profile flat (Fig. b); forewing with CI greater than 0.55 and AI greater than 0.85; proximal sclerite somewhat L-shaped. Large species, forewing length 16mm+ ... Enicospilus lictus Gauld & Mitchell

Central sclerite of various shapes, never bar-shaped and parallel to Rs+2r; either with clypeus convex or CI less than 0.50 or AI less than 0.80; proximal sclerite usually triangular, rarely comma-shaped ... 131

131. Proximal sclerite more or less comma-shaped (Fig. a) ... 132

Proximal sclerite more or less triangular (Fig. b) ... 133

132. Clypeus in profile flat (Fig. a); AI about 1.00; central sclerite poorly defined, large, separated from Rs+2r by less than its minimum diameter (Fig. b); central flagellar segments about 1.6 times as long as broad ... Enicospilus mnous Gauld & Mitchell

Clypeus in profile convex (Fig. A); forewing with AI less than 0.90; central sclerite small, distinctly delineated, separated from Rs+2r by more than its own minimum diameter (Fig. 430); central flagellar segments more than 2.0 times as long as broad ... Enicospilus pacificus (Holmgren) (most specimens)

133. Outer mid tibial spur very short, less than 0.4 times as long as the inner, sometimes also with outer hind tibial spur reduced (Fig. a). Lower face subquadrate, more than 0.9 times as broad as long; alitrunk profusely pale marked; Arabian species ... Enicospilus nervellator Aubert

Outer mid tibial spur at least 0.5 times as long as inner (Fig. A); outer hind tibial spur never reduced ... 134

134. Proximal sclerite cuniform, not confluent with distal sclerite, and with its posterior side more than 1.5 times length of distal side; proximal angle very acute, far more so than either of the other two angles (Fig. a); clypeus in profile flat; mesopleuron punctate ... 135

Proximal sclerite usually more or less equilaterally triangular, sometimes confluent with distal sclerite, if rarely slightly cuniform then either with distal angle the most acute or with the clypeus in profile very convex or with mesopleuron striate; clypeus otherwise various; mesopleuron otherwise variously sculptured ... 136

135. Propodeum coriaceous (Fig. a); central sclerite large, separated from Rs+2r by less than its own maximum diameter; distal sclerite virtually absent, represented only by an area of discoloration (Fig. b); mesopleuron coarsely punctate ... Enicospilus emcedius Gauld & Mitchell

Propodeum concentrically wrinkled (Fig. A); central sclerite small, separated from Rs+2r by more than its own maximum diameter; distal sclerite exceptionally strong, crescentric (Fig. B); mesopleuron finely punctate. ... Enicospilus nops Gauld & Mitchell

136. Distal margin of fenestra very close to base of Rs, separated from it by less than 0.5 times the length of 3rm (Fig. a) ... 137

Distal margin of fenestra separated from base of Rs by more than, or a distance about equal to, the length of 3rm (Fig. A) ... 139

137. Anterior angle of proximal selente about 20°; central sclerite weakly pigmented, triangular (Fig. a). Quadra discernible, separate from central sclerite; Aden ... Enicospilus odax Gauld & Mitchell

Anterior angle of proximal sclerite more than 30°; central sclerite O-shaped or oval (Fig. A) ... 138

138. Central sclerite separated from proximal sclerite by about 2.5 times length of posterior margin of proximal sclerite; Rs+2r weakly bowed (Fig. a); propodeum irregularly reticulate (Fig. b); reddish-brown species ... Enicospilus pluvius Gauld & Mitchell

Central sclerite separated from proximal sclerite by less than 1.5 times length of posterior margin of proximal sclerite; Rs+2r strongly sinuate (Fig. A); propodeum transversely wrinkled (Fig. B); pale yellow species ... Enicospilus ruidus Gauld & Mitchell

139. Rs+2r straight, but often with ventral margin submedially swollen (Fig. a) and with clypeus in profile flat and with mesopleuron with large discrete punctures (Fig. b). Small species, forewing length less than 11 mm; alitrunk red-brown with profuse ivory markings; central sclerite minute; CI less than 0.25; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum centrally obsolescent ... Enicospilus oculator Seyrig

Rs+2r somewhat sinuate, rather evenly tapered from proximal 0.4 to distal apex or with clypeus in profile convex or with the mesopleuron puncto-striate and generally otherwise not as above ... 140

140. Propodeum, meso and metapleurae highly polished, smooth, virtually without sculpture except for isolated punctures; lateral carinae of scutellum present only on anterior 0.2 (Fig. a). Hind trochantellus dorsally as long as broad; distal sclerite strongly pigmented, not confluent with proximal sclerite ... Enicospilus arduus Gauld & Mitchell

Propodeum, at least on postero-dorsal surface, sculptured, usually markedly wrinkled, striate or reticulate; mesoand meta pleurae from alutaceous to striate to punctate; lateral carinae of scutellum present on at least anterior 0.5 (Fig. A) ... 141

141. Clypeus in profile flat and 20th flagellar segment less than 1.6 times as long as broad centrally. Central sclerite large and comma-shaped (Fig. a); pale species ... Enicospilus pallidus (Taschenberg)

Clypeus in profile convex or 20th flagellar segment more than 1.9 times as long as broad centrally ... 142

142. Central sclerite narrowly crescentric, parallel to distal margin of fenestra (Fig. a); clypeus in profile virtually flat (Fig. b); alitrunk badious. Mesopleuron striate; forewing with CI greater than 0.60, AI more than 1.00; propodeum transversely striate; marginal angle infumate, pterostigma piceous ... Enicospilus meniscus Gauld & Mitchell

Central sclerite from oval to D-shaped, trapezoidal or C-shaped, if the latter then with clypeus in profile convex; c1ypeus in profile otherwise from flat to convex; alitrunk usually reddish ... 143

143. Lower face in profile with clypeus demarcated by a furrow, but with the distal 0.5 of the clypeus flat, the apical margin sharp and in most specimens conspicuously out-turned (Fig. a). CI less than 0.40; central sclerite small, generally separated from Rs+2r by more than its own maximum diameter (Fig. b); propodeum weakly and irregularly wrinkled, anterior transcarina weak ... Enicospilus sesamiae Oelobel

Clypeus in profile either not separated from face by a furrow or very convex and generally otherwise not as above ... 144

144. Mandible with a furrow (which may be rather weak) extending from upper proximal corner to between the bases of the teeth, often with long hairs arising from the furrow (Fig. a) ... 145

Mandible with outer surface flat or rarely with a weak longitudinal concavity that is confluent with proximal impression (Fig. A) ... 151

145. Upper tooth of mandible more than 2.0 times as long as the lower (Fig. a); lower face often subquadrate, usually more than 0.85 times as broad as long; 20th flagellar segment less than 2.1 times as long as broad ... 146

Upper tooth of mandible less than 1.8 times length of lower (Fig. A); lower face elongate, 0.85 times or less as broad as long; 20th flagellar segment more than 2.2 times as long as broad ... 149

146. Proximal sclerite glabrous; hairs on centre of discosubmarginal cell separated from each other by about their own length (Fig. a). Central sclerite large, separated from Rs+2r by about its own diameter ... Enicospilus bajulus Gauld & Mitchell

Proximal sclerite hirsute, at least on ventral surface; hairs on centre of discosubmarginal cell separated from each other by Jess than their own length ... 147

147. Head posteriorly constricted (Fig. a); forewing with ICI less than 0.40 (Fig. b); very small species, forewing less than 10mm. Sudan to Saudi Arabia. ... Enicospilus psammus Gauld & Mitchell (most specimens)

Head posteriorly with genae somewhat swollen (Fig. A); forewing with ICI greater than 0.40 (Fig. B); small to moderately large species, forewing length often 11 mm+ ... 148

148. Outer hind tarsal claw of 9 with 6 short, more or less triangular, pectinae (Fig. a); labrum short, 0.2 times as long as basally broad. Metapleuron exceptionally coarsely punctate; anterior transcarina of propodeurn absent; forewing length about 801m; 0 unknown ... Enicospilus species 3

Outer hind tarsal claw of 9 with at least 8 moderately long and slender pectinae (Fig. A); labrum of moderate length, 0.3-0.4 times as long as basally broad. ... Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg)

149. Distal sclerite confluent with proximal sclerite (Fig. a); flagellum with 56 or fewer segments ... 150

Distal sclerite widely separated from proximal sclerite (Fig. A); flagellum with 58 or more segments ... 154

150. Terminal segments of metasoma black; central sclerite small, separated from Rs+2r by more than own maximum diameter (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus bicoloratus Cameron

Terminal segments of metasoma reddish; central sc1erite larger, often separated from Rs+2r by less than its maximum diameter (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szepligeti)

151. Central scIerite large, its minimum diameter greater than the distance separating it from Rs+2r (Fig. a); pecten of hind-tarsal claw of male with teeth very fine and close together ... Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein)

Central sclerite much smaller, its minimum diameter very much less than distance separating it from Rs+2r (Fig. A); hind-tarsal claw of male with teeth of pecten not particularly close (male of Enicospilus watshami unknown) ... 152

152. Terminal segments of metasoma black, contrasting with anterior segments; fore-tibia with about 30 spines of moderate size arranged on outer surface from near base to distal apex (Fig. a); head behind eyes with genae quite long (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus watshami Gauld

Terminal segments of metasoma not black, at most brownish but then metasoma is gradually infuscate towards hind end; fore-tibia usually with less than 12 spines, always with these confined to distal half (Fig. A); head behind eyes with genae shorter and strongly narrowed (Fig. B) ... 153

153. Central sclerite oval with longest axis parallel with Rs+2r (Fig. a); lower face yellowish-white except centrally; mandibles fairly sparsely hairy ... Enicospilus polemus Gauld

Central sclerite suboval to oval with longest axis at 90° to Rs+2r (Fig. A); lower face orange-yellow; mandibles with dense brush of hair ... Enicospilus ruscus Gauld & Mitchell

154. Upper mandibular tooth more than 2.0 times length of the lower; mandible proximally constricted but with distal 0.5 more or less parallel sided (Fig. a); mesopleuron puncto-striate or punctate (Fig. b); clypeus in profile weakly convex. 20th flagellar segment less than 2.1 times as long as broad; head when viewed laterally often with genae rather long ... 155

Upper mandibular tooth less than 1.5 times as long as lower (Fig. A); or if rarely between 1.5 and 2.0 times the length of the lower then either c1ypeus in profile flat or mesopleuron impunctate, finely striate; mandible generally evenly tapered; clypeal profile various; mesopleuron variously sculptured ... 157

155. Flagellum with less than 50 segments; head when viewed dorsally with genae constricted (Fig. a); small species, forewing length 6-9mm ... Enicospilus psammus (few specimens)

Flagellum with more than 55 segments; head with genae slightly swollen in dorsal aspect (Fig. A); moderately large species, forewing length 12mm+ ... 156

156. Clypeus in profile with apical margin acute, simply in-turned (Fig. a); hind tarsal claws with short, stout pectinae (Fig. b); forewing with CI greater than 0.40 ... Enicospilus rundiensis Bischoff (in part)

Clypeus in profile with apical margin bluntly rounded (Fig. A); hind tarsal claws with rather slender pectinae (Fig. B); forewing with CI = 0.25-0.35 ... Enicospilus ktesus Gauld & Mitchell

157. Mandible weakly narrowed, distally about 0.5 times as broad as basally and with outer surface flat except for a strongly impressed proximal concavity, apically twisted about 5° (Fig. a); clypeus in profile flat ... Enicospilus latus Gauld & Mitchell

Mandible not exactly as above, moderately to strongly narrowed, distally less than 0.5 times as broad as basally, sometimes with outer surface concave, usually without strong basal concavity and often twisted more than 20° (Fig. A); clypeus in profile from flat to convex ... 158

158. Central sclerite about 3 times as broad as long, distally strongly sclerotized, progressively less sclerotized proximally and with posterior margin parallel with posterior margin of fenestra and separated from it by about its own length (Fig. a); hind trochantellus often more than 0.7 times as long as broad dorsally ... 159

Central sclerite more or less oval and otherwise not as above; hind trochantellus dorsally often less than 0.6 times as long as broad ... 160

159. Mesopleuron matt or very weakly polished, coarsely punctate, sometimes on lower half grading to punctostriate; metapleuron closely punctate (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus rundiensis Bischoff (in part)

Mesopleuron strongly polished, striate with fine punctures; metapleuron with obsolescent sculpture and isolated punctures (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus fenestralis (Szepligeti)

160. Central sclerite small, separated from Rs+2r by a distance equal to or greater than its own minimum diameter (Fig. a) ... 158

Central sclerite large, separated from Rs+2r by less than its own minimum diameter (Fig. A) ... 161

161. Forewing with AI greater than 1.80; hind tarsal claws distally curved through about 100°, with 7-8 short stout pectinae of which the central ones are the longest (Fig. a). CI about 0.25; ICI about 0.25; inter-ocellar area slightly infuscate; submetapleural carina anteriorly abruptly expanded; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum centrally obsolescent ... Enicospilus inflexocarinatus (Enderlein)

Forewing with AI less than 1.10; hind tarsal claws distally curved about 90° or less with 9 or more pectinae, the distal ones of which are of similar size (Fig. A) ... 162

162. Labrum short, about 0.2 times as long as basally broad; forewing with CI = 0.25-0.35; distal sclerite virtually absent (Fig. a) ... Enicospilus natalensis (Kriechbaumer)

Labrum longer, about 0.4 times as long as basally broad; forewing with CI greater than 0.40 except in Madagascan specimens; distal sclerite usually strong (Fig. A) ... Enicospilus braunsii (Kriechbaumer)

163. Mesopleuron matt, alutaceous with isolated striae; propodeum alutaceous with fine irregular wrinkles (Fig. a). Forewing with CI = 0.50-0.65; upper tooth of mandible dorso-ventrally compressed ... Enicospilus expeditus (Tosquinet) (in part)

Mesopleuron subpolished to polished, aluto-striate, puncto-striate or punctate; propodeum never alutaceous, usually moderately coarsely irregularly wrinkled ... 164

164. Submetapleural carina anteriorly abruptly expanded into a broad triangular flange (Fig. a); clypeus in profile flat and meso and metapleurae punctate to puncto-striate. Distal sclerite present; scutellum almost impunctate ... Enicospilus krossus Gauld & Mitchell

Submetapleural carina more or less parallel sided or very slightly evenly anteriorly broadened (Fig. A); clypeus usually convex in profile, if flat, then meso and metapleurae are finely striate; meso and metapleurae otherwise punctate to striate ... 165

165. Head when viewed dorsally with genae rather long, the whole head thus being subquadrate (Fig. a); internal orbits not paler than face centrally. Mesopleuron puncto-striate to striate; central sclerite moderately large, proximally indistinctly delineated (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus addendus Gauld & Mitchell

Head when viewed dorsally with genae short, the whole head thus being very transverse (Fig. A); internal orbits often paler than face centrally ... 166

166. Distal sclerite present, clearly sclerotized, separate from proximal sclerite (Fig. a); central sclerite often less strongly sclerotized proximally than it is distally ... 167

Distal sclerite absent or very weakly pigmented and not sclerotized (Fig. A); central sclerite uniformly sclerotized, generally thick ... 170

167. Meso and meta pleurae uniformly striate with few scattered punctures (Fig. a); upper tooth of mandible conspicuously flattened (Fig. b) ... 168

Meso and meta pleurae punctate, puncto-striate or almost alutaceous (Fig. A); upper tooth of mandible not conspicuously flattened (Fig. B) ... 169

168. Hind trochantellus mediodorsally 0.1 or less times as long as broad (Fig. a); propodeum quite coarsely wrinkled ... Enicospilus vorax Seyrig

Hind trochantellus mediodorsally 0.3 times as long as broad (Fig. A); propodeum finely wrinkled ... Enicospilus bonaberiensis Strand

169. Central sclerite kite-shaped, proximally tapered to a point (Fig. a); metapleurae puncto-striate (Fig. b) ... Enicospilus hova Gauld & Mitchell

Central sclerite more or less D-shaped, proximally truncated (Fig. A); metapleurae punctate (Fig. B) ... Enicospilus transvaalensis Cameron

170. Meso and metapleurae subpolished, finely striate (Fig. a); central sclerite generally closer to Rs+2r than it is to posterior margin of fenestra (Fig. b); large rather pale yellowish species rarely with black alitrunk markings, forewing length 14-22mm ... Enicospilus betanimenus (Saussure)

Meso and metapleurae polished, puncto-striate (Fig. A); central sclerite usually equidistant from Rs+2r and posterior margin of fenestra (Fig. B); smaller, reddish-orange species with forewing length 12-15mm ... Enicospilus finalis Gauld & Mitchell