HomeWasp classificationExpeditionsLinksFigWebBiodiversity ExplorerPermits

Tenthredinidae

Classification and checklist of Afrotropical common sawflies

(Life: Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum: Arthropoda; Class: Hexapoda; Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Tenthredinoidea; Family: Tenthredinidae)

  • Subfamily Allantinae

    • Genus Kivua Forsius, 1934

      • Kivua abdominalis Pasteels, 1949 (Uganda)

      • Kivua acuticornis (Pasteels, 1953) (Zambia)

      • Kivua afra (Pasteels, 1953) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Kivua bicolor (Pasteels, 1949) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Kivua cara Koch & Liston, 2012 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Kivua cribrifrons (Pasteels, 1949) (Rwanda)

      • Kivua incrassata Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Kivua luteiventris Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Kivua pallipes (Pasteels, 1949) (Rwanda)

      • Kivua punctifrons Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Kivua seydeli Forsius, 1934 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Kivua sudanica (Forsius, 1931) (Sudan)

      • Kivua tenuis (Pasteels, 1949) (Rwanda)

      • Kivua violae Koch & Liston, 2012 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

    • Genus Muncheana Koch, 1998

    • Genus Neacidiophora Enslin, 1911

      • Neacidiophora aethiopica Koch, 1998 (Ethiopia)

      • Neacidiophora africana Enslin, 1911

      • Neacidiophora athaloïdes Konow, 1907 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda)

      • Neacidiophora bellicornis Konow, 1907 (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda)

      • Neacidiophora bequaerti Enslin, 1914 (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda)

        • = Neacidiophora punctifrons Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Neacidiophora brevicornis Pasteels, 1954  (South Africa, Zimbabwe)

      • Neacidiophora brevifalcata Koch, 1998 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania)

      • Neacidiophora calo Konow, 1907 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Togo, Uganda)

        • = Neacidiophora ietuna Konow, 1907 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Neacidiophora crassicornis Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Neacidiophora flavistigma Koch, 1998 (Malawi)

      • Neacidiophora fuscipennis (Enderlein, 1920)

      • Neacidiophora luteiventris Pasteels, 1954  (Ghana, Guinea)

      • Neacidiophora maxima Enslin, 1914 (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

      • Neacidiophora obscurus Forsius, 1931 (Kenya)

      • Neacidiophora silacea Koch, 1998 (Kenya, Zimbabwe)

      • Neacidiophora ugandae Forsius, 1927 (Togo, Uganda)

      • Neacidiophora nigra Koch, 2001 (Zambia)

    • Genus Neoxenapates Forsius, 1934

      • Neoxenapates affinis Forsius, 1927 (Malawi, Mozambique)

    • Genus Netroceros Konow, 1907

      • Netroceros rufiventris rufiventris Konow, 1907 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Liberia)

      • Netroceros rufiventria luteiventris Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

    • Genus Paranetroceros Koch, 1998

    • Genus Pseudoneacidiophora Koch, 1998

    • Genus Xenapates Kirby, 1882

      • Xenapates abyssinica Benson, 1939 (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)

      • Xenapates aequatorialis Koch, 1995 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Xenapates africanus (Cameron, 1876) (Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone)

      • Xenapates armatus Koch, 1995 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Xenapates atratus Koch, 2007 (Togo)

      • Xenapates beateae Koch, 1996 (Namibia)

      • Xenapates bequaerti Enslin, 1913 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Xenapates bicolor Pasteels, 1949 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo)

        • = Xenapates benoiti Pasteels, 1954

      • Xenapates braunsi (Konow, 1896) (Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo)

      • Xenapates brevicornis Malaise, 1938 (Ethiopia)

      • Xenapates congoensis Koch, 1995 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Xenapates damaraensis Koch, 1995 (Namibia)

      • Xenapates deconinckae Koch, 1995 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)

      • Xenapates dorsalis Koch, 1998 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Xenapates eardleyi Koch, 1995 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe)

      • Xenapates ewaldi Koch, 1995 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Xenapates flavipes Koch, 1995 (Zambia)

      • Xenapates flavus Koch, 1995 (Uganda)

      • Xenapates fuscipes Benson, 1939 (Ethiopia)

      • Xenapates gabunensis (Konow, 1896) (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Togo)

      • Xenapates gaullei (Konow, 1896) (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda)

      • Xenapates goergeni Koch, 2007 (Togo)

      • Xenapates hyalinatus (Forsius, 1934) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe)

      • Xenapates insignitus Koch, 1996 (Tanzania)

      • Xenapates interantennalis Koch, 1995 (Angola)

      • Xenapates nigrifrons Koch, 2012 (Ethiopia, Kenya)

      • Xenapates nigripes Koch, 1995 (Ethiopia)

      • Xenapates nigripleuris Koch, 1995 (Angola)

      • Xenapates nigritus Koch, 1995 (Ethiopia, Kenya)

      • Xenapates offrenatus (Konow, 1907) (Kenya, Tanzania)

      • Xenapates orientalis Koch, 1995 (Sudan)

      • Xenapates pallipes Pasteels, 1950 (Gabon)

      • Xenapates pectoralis Forsius, 1927 (Mozambique, Zimbabwe)

      • Xenapates scutellaris Forsius, 1927 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria)

      • Xenapates similis Benson, 1939 (Botswana, Cameroon, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

      • Xenapates substrictus Koch, 1995 (Mali)

      • Xenapates tenebricus Koch, 1995 (Sierra Leone)

      • Xenapates tessmanni Enslin, 1913 (Equatorial Guinea)

      • Xenapates togoensis Koch, 2007 (Togo)

      • Xenapates unicus Koch, 1995 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Xenapates variator Enslin, 1913 (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone, Uganda)

        • = Xenapates bifovealis Pasteels, 1949

        • = Anataxates semiluteum Pasteels, 1950

      • Xenapates ventralis Enslin, 1913 (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya)

      • Xenapates virgatus Koch, 1995 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Xenapates weulersseae Koch, 1995 (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo, Uganda)

  • Subfamily Blennocampinae

    • Genus Aethiocampa Pasteels, 1949

    • Genus Distega Konow, 1904

      • Distega abdominalis Forsius 1931 (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Uganda)

      • Distega abyssinica Pasteels, 1955 (Ethiopia)

      • Distega basilewyski Pasteels, 1955 (Rwanda)

      • Distega bevisi Forsius, 1930 (Namibia, South Africa)

      • Distega braunsi Enslin, 1911

      • Distega brunniventris Enslin, 1913

      • Distega carbonaria Forsius, 1928

      • Distega clypealis Pasteels, 1955 (Kenya)

      • Distega coeruleomicans Pasteels, 1955 (Zimbabwe)

      • Distega congonensis (Forsius, 1934) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Distega formosus (Pasteels, 1949)

      • Distega forsiusi Blank, Liston & Taeger, 2009

      • Distega humeralis Pasteels, 1955 (Kenya)

      • Distega maculata (Forsius, 1934)

      • Distega micans Forsius, 1934 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Distega mocsaryi Enslin, 1913

      • Distega montium Konow, 1907 (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda)

      • Distega nigeriae Forsius, 1927 (West Africa)

      • Distega nigriceps (Enderlein, 1920)

      • Distega pallidiventris Forsius, 1927 (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)

      • Distega paradoxalis Pasteels, 1954

      • Distega pectoralis Forsius, 1927 (Malawi)

      • Distega rectiserra (Pasteels, 1949) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Distega schoutedeni Pasteels, 1954

      • Distega sjoestedti Konow, 1904 (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea)

      • Distega thoracalis (Pasteels, 1949) (Senegal)

      • Distega velutina (Pasteels, 1951) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

    • Genus Durbadnus Pasteels, 1954

    • Genus Tesslinia Pasteels, 1951

      • Tesslinia afra Enslin, 1913 (Cameroon)

    • Genus Trisodontophyes Enslin, 1911

      • Trisodontophyes aethiopica Koch, 2001 (Ethiopia)

      • Trisodontophyes angustata Enslin, 1913 (East Africa)

      • Trisodontophyes antennata Koch, 2001 (Tanzania)

      • Trisodontophyes ater (Konow, 1907)

      • Trisodontophyes diversa Koch, 2001 (Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania)

      • Trisodontophyes funebris Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Trisodontophyes inaequalis Koch, 2001 (Cameroon)

      • Trisodontophyes malaisei (Forsius, 1932) (Kenya, Uganda)

      • Trisodontophyes montana Koch, 2001 (Kenya)

      • Trisodontophyes nigroflava Enslin, 1911 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo)

      • Trisodontophyes robertibuyssoni (Schulz, 1906)
        Trisodontophyes robusta Forsius, 1930 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya)

      • Trisodontophyes schoutedeni Forsius, 1934

      • Trisodontophyes semisplendens Koch, 2001 (Zimbabwe)

      • Trisodontophyes serrula Koch, 2001 (Malawi)

      • Trisodontophyes singularis Koch, 2001 (South Africa)

      • Trisodontophyes splendens Koch, 2001 (Central African Republic)

      • Trisodontophyes tibialis Enslin, 1913 (Togo)

      • Trisodontophyes triplicata Forsius, 1934 (South Africa)

      • Trisodontophyes tristis Forsius, 1934 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

      • Trisodontophyes ugandae Koch, 2001 (Uganda)

  • Subfamily Heterarthinae (Introduced)

    • Genus Caliroa Costa, 1859

      • Caliroa cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eurasia, introduced to North & South America, South Africa, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand)

    • Genus Fenusa Leach, 1817

  • Subfamily Nematinae (Introduced)

    • Genus Nematus Panzer, 1801

      • Nematus oligospilus Förster, 1854 (Widespread in Northern Hemisphere. Introduced to Australia, Argentina, Chile, Lesotho, New Zealand, South Africa)
  • Subfamily Selandriinae
    • Genus Dulophanes Konow, 1907
      • Dulophanes abdominalis Enslin, (Burundi, Rwanda)
      • Dulophanes antennatus Enslin, 1913 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zambia)
      • Dulophanes atratus Enderlein, 1913 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Uganda)
      • Dulophanes distinguendus (Pasteels, 1949) (Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes flavipes Enslin, (Rwanda)
      • Dulophanes flaviventris Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes globiceps Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes gowdeyi Forsius, 1927 (Uganda)
      • Dulophanes major Enslin, (Burundi, Zambia)
      • Dulophanes natalensis Forsius, 1927 (South Africa)
      • Dulophanes nitens Pasteels, 1949 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes obscurus Forsius, 1931 (Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa)
      • Dulophanes pauliani (Malaise, 1943) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes pedicellatus Pasteels, 1949 (Rwanda)
      • Dulophanes transversalis (Pasteels, 1950) (Democratic Republic of Congo)
      • Dulophanes verticalis (Pasteels, 1950) (Democratic Republic of Congo)
    • Genus Dunophanella Forsius, 1934
    • Genus Ludophanes Pasteels, 1949
      • Ludophanes nigritus Pasteels, 1949 (Rwanda)

References

Benson R.B. 1961. Athalia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission GF de Witte (1933–1935). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, Bruxelles 97: 11-20.

Benson R.B. 1962. A revision of the Athaliini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 11 (7): 335382.
Enderlein G. 1919. Symphytologica II. Zur Kenntnis der Tenthredininen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde Berlin 1919 (9): 347374.

Enderlein G. 1920. Symphytologica II. Zur Kenntnis der Tenthrediniden.
Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Berlin
9[1919](9): 347-374.

Enslin, E. 1911. Über Tenthrediniden aus Afrika. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin [1911](6): 657-669.
Enslin, E. 1912. Tenthredinidae von der Deutschen Zentralafrika-Expedition 1907-1908. In: Schubotz, H.(Ed). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1907-1908 unter Führung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg 1. Zoologie II. Klinckhard & Biermann, Leipzig: 53-56.
Enslin, E. 1913. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition G. Tessmanns nach Süd-Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Tenthredinoidea. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Berlin 7 (1): 103-114.
Enslin, E. 1913. Tenthredinoidea vom Belgischen Kongo, gesammelt von Dr. J. Bequaert. Nebst Bemerkungen über einige afrikanische Tenthrediniden des Ungarischen Nationalmuseums. Revue Zoologie Africaine, Bruxelles 3(2): 299-323.
Forsius, R. 1927. On some new or little known African Tenthredinoidea. I. Notulae Entomologicae 7: 43–50.

Forsius R. 1931. Notes on a Collection of Ethiopian Oryssoidea and Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10th series, 8 (43):136.

Forsius, R. 1934. On some Tenthredinoidea from the Belgian Congo Museum at Tervueren. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, Bruxelles 25: 389-406.

Goulet, H. 1993. Superfamilies Cephoidea, Megalodontoidea, Orussoidea, Siricoidea, Tenthredinoidea and Xyeloidea (pp. 101-129). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.

Kirby, W.F. 1882. List of Hymenoptera with description and figures of the typical specimens in the British Museum. Tenthredinidae and Siricidae. Trustees, London 1: 1-450.

Klug, F. 1814. Die Blattwespen nach ihren Gattungen und Arten zusammengestellt. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesamten Naturkunde, Berlin 6[1812](4): 276-310.
Klug, F. 1818. Die Blattwespen nach ihren Gattungen und Arten zusammengestellt. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesamten Naturkunde, Berlin 8[1814](4): 273-307.
Klug, F. 1834. Uebersicht der Tenthredinetae der Sammlung. Jahrbücher der Insectenkunde mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Sammlung des Königl. Museum in Berlin herausgegeben 1: 223-253.

Koch, F. 2005. The sawflies of the BIOTA-Southern Africa Project with description of a new species of Arge (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin - Zoologische Reihe 81: 193-199.

Koch, F. 2007. The Symphyta of the Afrotropical Region. Genus Athalia Leach, 1817, Athalia himantopus-group (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Allantinae). Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 97: 81-106.

Koch, F. 2007. Three new species and three new records of Xenopates from Togo (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). African Invertebrates 48: 111-119.

Koch, F. 2010. A hitherto unknown species of Triarge from South Africa with a modified key to the genus. – Mitteilungen Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 100: 99-102.

Koch, F. & Liston, A.D. 2012. On the Arge capensis species group,
with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Argidae).
Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart 122(6): 261-268.
Koch, F. & Liston, A.D. 2012. Notes on Afrotropical sawflies of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802, with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Argidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart 122(4): 177-181.
Koch, F. & Liston, A.D. 2012. Revision of Durbadnus Pasteels, 1954, with notes on other Afrotropical Blennocampinae and Allantinae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). African Invertebrates 53 (2): 645-660.

Koch, F. & Smith, D.R. 2000. Nematus oligospilus Förster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), an introduced willow sawfly in the southern hemisphere. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Washington 102: 292-300.

Koch, F. & Smith, D.R. 2011. A new species of Caliroa (Hymenoptera:
Tenthredinidae) from South Africa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Washington 113 (4): 442-450.

Koch F, Goergen G & van Noort S. 2015. The sawflies of Namibia and the western parts of South Africa (Symphyta, Hymenoptera). ABC Taxa 15: 1-262.

Koch, F., Pauly, A., Hora, Z., & Boevé, J. 2015. Sawflies of Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4021: 119–155. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.5

Konow F.W. 1905. Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae. In: WYTSMAN A. (ed.), Genera Insectorum 29: 176 pp.

Konow, F.W. 1907. Neue Argides. (Hym.). Zeitschrift für systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, Teschendorf bei Stargard i. Mecklenburg 7 (4): 306–309.

Konow, F.W. 1908. Ueber die bisher bekannten Athalia-Arten Afrikas. (Hym). Zeitschrift für systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, Teschendorf bei Stargard in Mecklenburg 8(3): 164-169.
Mocsáry, A. 1909. Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest 7: 1-39.

Pasteels, J. 1949. Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinoidea). Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-1935), Bruxelles 60: 1-104.
Pasteels, J. 1950. Sur des Tenthredinoidea Africains du Museum National d‘Histoire Naturelle. Revue française d’Entomologie, Paris 17(4): 271-280.
Pasteels, J. 1951. Sur quelques Tenthrediniodea africains. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 87: 195-205.

Pasteels, J. 1952. Notules sur des Hyménoptères Symphytes (7e série). Bulletin & Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, Bruxelles 88(1-2): 54-56.
Pasteels, J. 1953. Prodromes d’une faune des Tenthredinoïdea (Hymenoptera) de l’Afrique noire 1. Argidae. Mémoires de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, Bruxelles 26: 1-128.

Pasteels, J. 1953. Hymenoptera Tenthredinoidea. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, Bruxelles 17(8): 117-131.
Pasteels, J. 1953. Argidae (Hymenoptera Tenthredinoidea). Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte, Bruxelles 79(8): 95-99.
Pasteels, J. 1954. Un genre nouveau et quelques espéces nouvelles de
Blennocampinae africains (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. Nouvelle Série in-4° Sciences Zoologiques. Miscellanea Zoologica H. Schouteden, Tervuren 1: 499-503.
Pasteels, J. 1954. Un Arge africain nouveau: Arge somaliensis n. sp. (Hym. Tenthred.). Bulletin & Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, Bruxelles 90(1-2): 59-60.
Pasteels, J. 1955. Prodromes d’une faune des Tenthredinoidea de l’Afrique noire. II. Le genre Distega Konow (Tenthredinidae, Blennocampinae). Mémoires de la Société Royale d’Entomologie Belgique, Bruxelles 27: 384-412.

Pasteels, J. 1955. Prodromes d’une faune des Tenthredinoidea de l’Afrique noire. Supplément aux Argidae. Bulletin & Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, Bruxelles 91: 331-340.
Pasteels, J. 1955. LXXIII. Hymenoptera Argidae, Tenthredinidae et Gasteruptiidae. Contributions a l’etude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). Annales du Musée du Congo Belge, Série in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques, Tervuren (Ser. 8) 40: 370-375.
Pasteels, J. 1963. Prodrome d’une faune des Tenthredinoidea de l’Afrique noire. IV. 2e supplement aux Argidae. Bulletin & Annales de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique, Bruxelles 99(37): 540-560.

Paulian R. 1950a. Recherches sur les Insectes d’importance biologiques de Madagascar I: Les Chenilles du Chou à Madagascar. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série A, 3 (3): 347352.
Paulian R. 1950b. Recherches sur les Insectes d'importance biologique de Madagascar VII: Athalia malagassa SAUSS., la Tenthrède Malgache de la rave (Hymenopt. Symph.). Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série A, 3 (3): 375382.
Paulian R. 1961. La zoogéographie de Madagascar et des iles voisines. Faune de Madagascar 13: 484 pp. Reckhaus P. 1997. Maladies et ravageurs des cultures maraicheres. A l’exemple de Madagascar. Weikersheim (MARGRAF): 402 pp.
Saussure H. de 1892. Histoire Naturelle des Hyménoptères. In: Grandidier A. (ed.), Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar Volume XX: 177590, pls 21-27.
Schulz W.A. 1906. Strandgut. In: SCHULZ W.A., Spolia Hymenopterologica. Paderborn (Junfernmannsche Buchhandlung Albert PAPE): 76269.

Schrank, F., von Paula. 1802. Fauna Boica. Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. Ingolstadt 2: 1–412.

Sharkey, M., 2007. Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera.
Zootaxa 1668: 521–548.

Sharkey, M. J., Carpenter, J. M., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J., Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A. P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A. R., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L. and Wheeler, W. C. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x

Skaife, S.H. 1954. African Insect Life. Longmans Green and Co., London, Cape Town, New York: 387pp.

Taeger, A. & Blank, S.M. 2011. ECatSym – electronic world catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 3.10, data version 38 (07.12.2011) Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg.

Taeger, A., Blank, S.M. & Liston, A.D. 2010. World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1-1064.

Credits

Photographs © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa).


Web author Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum)

 

Citation: van Noort, S. 2024. WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the World. URL: www.waspweb.org (accessed on <day/month/year>).

Copyright 2004-2024 Iziko Museums of South Africa

customisable counter